Use of Symbolism in Joseph Hellers Catch-22 Essays -- Catch-22

Utilization of Symbolism in Joseph Heller's Catch-22 The representative sniffled multiple times in fast progression and took a gander at me through watery eyes. What did you say your name was? I revealed to him my name and he went to a transcending file organizer flooding with papers and earthy colored manila envelopes. In the wake of wheezing multiple times and looking through a cabinet, he pulled out a slight organizer and laid it on the counter. Ok, he said in a nasal voice weighed down with haughtiness and anxiety. I see you have no involvement with our specific subject matter. Return when you get some understanding. I clarified that I was there to get understanding. All things considered, I don't perceive how you can discover any work with your experience, the assistant groused, peering at me through a couple of horn-rimmed glasses. Government guideline Catch-22. He sniffled multiple times. I gazed, attempting to understand the rationale of this incapable administrator. He wouldn't employ me with my degree of experience, yet I cou ld just get understanding by working at this organization. He sniffled multiple times. There was just one catch, and it was Catch-22. Conundrum was written in 1961 as a first novel by Joseph Heller, a previous armed force bombardier who got battle involvement with World War II from his base on the island of Corsica. Dilemma turned into an exemplary American tale. Heller proceeded to compose a few different books scorning organization and the military-modern complex. Conundrum follows the endeavors of an Army bombardier during World War II. John Yossarian and his group depended on the little island of Pianosa in the Mediterranean. While the plot dominates the submit in no ordered request, a story rises. He loses his nerve for battling when a man on his plane is executed and Yossarian understands that the war will be ... ... of Baghdad, and the Sheik of Araby. These astonishing realities about Milo appear to infer that he is more than one man. This is bolstered when Milo gives his organization the name M&M Enterprises, suggesting that it's anything but a one-man organization. These perceptions drove me to place some idea into Milo. I inferred that Milo was intended to represent the military-mechanical complex that during the 1960s, when the book was composed, gotten the nation in a Catch-22 and held it for a considerable length of time. The more agreements and force were given to the organizations, the more force they needed to control the ascent and fall of Cold War pressures and ceaselessly swell the military spending plan. In any case, the organizations were expected to battle the danger of Soviet force that hung over the nation. There was a trick, and it was Catch-22. Book reference Heller, Joseph. Difficult situation. Dell Publishing Co., Inc, New York. 1961 Edition.

Learn Anything Free Essays

AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL MARKS: 80 Information Technology N. B. : 1)Attempt any sixteen inquiries addresses conveys equivalent imprints. We will compose a custom exposition test on Pick up Anything or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now 1. 2. 3. What are the attributes of a mechanically empowered association? How does an Organization secure disseminal information? For what reason do you guess request †just applications were created rather than completely on lines framework? 4. 5. What sort of innovation is least adaptable? Generally adaptable? How does vital arranging vary between a firm that offers administrations one that makers an item? Is there a distinction in the effect of innovation on procedure in any two kinds of firms? 6. What sort of business exercises do you believe are generally agreeable to basic frameworks in various nations? 7. What sort of projects do you believe are probably going to utilize gliding †point guidelines? 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Recognize PC equipment programming which most concerns an administrator? What sort of programming does a server for a neighborhood need to have? What is OLAP? How can it add to the association? Comparative article: Text Mining for Businesses For what reason are gauges so significant in interchanges? What businesses are probably ready to exploit EDI? Are there applications where it doesn't make a difference if different databases are at the same time refreshed? 14. Most associations today have PCs and programming, which are all expected to take a shot at a system, from various Vendors? What are the potential issues with utilizing items from a wide range of sources? .. 2.. 15. What are the distinctions in structure for multi-client framework versus an individual framework on a pc? )Every one of the 16. Does a framework need to utilize the most present day innovation to be effective? Why or why not? Are there drawbacks to using the most exceptional innovation? 17. 18. 19. For what reason would it be a good idea for one to demand an exhibit of a bundle? What is a spaghetti association? How might you change an immense firm like General Motors with the assistance of data innovation? 20. How more client improvement in the long run disposes of the requirement for proficient frameworks examination and software engineers? 21. 22. 3. 24. In what capacity can an organization use interactive media today? How can one approach recognizing the master to be utilized in building up a specialist framework? Depict how an infection really functions? What sort of documents does it need to taint? What sort of changes does data innovation either make or encourage inside and between associations? What different changes are partner with IT? 25. What are the disadvantages of work place observing? Why the executives may needs to screen laborer efficiency? The most effective method to refer to Learn Anything, Essay models

Mercury Athetic

Net Present Value of Mercury Athletic Enterprise The consequences of my monetary examination dependent on the Free Cash Flow Method considering the base instance of budgetary projections and suspicions for Mercury Athletic Footwear ordered and created by John Liedtke show that that the undertaking to procure Mercury Althletic has a positive net present an incentive at $243,025 (in thousands) [ given by PV(FCF)=86,681+ PV (Terminal Value) =156,343] which is likewise more noteworthy than the suggested securing cost of $186,216 (in thousands),therefore Active Gear Inc. hould continue with the obtaining of Mercury’s activity. Free Cash Flow The free income from Mercury’s business tasks was resolved utilizing the base case for the united working pay, costs, charge rate and devaluation to decide the net working benefits after duty (NOPAT) for the years 2007-2011. Free income was then determined utilizing the equation (FCF= NOPAT + Depreciation-? Net Working Capital - ?Fixed A ssets) which was assessed at $21,240, $26,727, $ 22,097, $25,473 and $29,545 for the years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 separately. The Cost of Debt and the Cost of Equity The subsequent stage was to decide the shoreline of obligation, utilizing the presumptions made by Mr. Liedtke which plots a duty pace of 40%, the expense of obligation of 6% for an influence of 20% obligation. The after-charge cost of obligation (RD) was resolved to be 3. % [using RD =(R*(1-Tax Rate), where RD =after rate cost of obligation, R= cost of debt] The cost value evaluated utilizing the CAPM approach, Surfside Footwear was chosen as an equivalent organization since its EBIT Margin of 9. 3% was equivalent to the normal combined EBIT Margin of Mercury Athletic for period 2004-2006, the Equity Beta for Surfside from Exhibit 3 was 2. 13. The hazard free was resolved to be 4. 69% utilizing US Treasury Bills Yield given for the situation Footnotes on page 7. The multi year T-charge yield was chosen as†¦

A Secret Weapon for Appic Psychology Internship Essay 4 Samples

A Secret Weapon for Appic Psychology Internship Essay 4 Samples A fellow may opt to have their professional mentor oversee they meet the simple research competencies described above. All your professors and supervisors provide you different advice. These postdocs are labelled permadocs. Academic progress is quite difficult to measure. A list of potential mentors is available to ease the collection of a faculty research mentor. Rather, you ARE among the scholars there. Furthermore, students receive group supervision from a certified psychologist. Make a schedule of when you would like to finish various parts of the program, and adhere to the deadlines. That said, if you wind up with two or three typos in your complete gigantic application, don't panic. Simply take any parking spot in the area. Four interns are selected every year. As one of the largest pediatric medical centers in the United States of america, BCH provides a comprehensive array of healthcare services for kids from birth through 21 years old. The new portal will usually be available by October 1 of annually. Make certain you read each website's brochure before the interview. The postdoctoral search may be a stressful procedure and we would like to offer you as much information as possibl e. Therefore, you have the choice of sending the identical set of essays to all your sites or writing essays specific to a website or to a group of sites. The portal can be obtained by clicking on the hyperlink. New Questions About Appic Psychology Internship Essay 4 Samples When an applicant wants to rank a program that does not seem in the list, the applicant ought to contact the website's Training Director to find out the program's status. The registration and application procedure is easy. But a wonderful application can only get you to date. Our psychology internship program delivers rigorous and extensive scientist-practitioner training across a diverse assortment of settings and patient populations. We seek the ideal fit between applicants and our training regime. Research positions in industry are extremely different. Moreover, we hope our postdoctoral fellows will get familiar with the administration of a university-based learning center and take part in numerous committees that coordinate the training plan. KP's postdoctoral residency programs play an important part in the total healthcare delivery system of the biggest HMO in the usa. If you believe a postdoc is essential for getting a market job, think again. Never believe anyone who tells you which you will need a postdoc to be effective in industry. Rather, you're intended to serve the postdoc. A postdoc isn't required for a business job. In case the position is held, it's deemed frozen and cannot be offered to any other candidate throughout that time frame. Most of all, realize you've got the transferable skills and technical tools you want to find a research scientist position or some other position in industry at this time, without a postdoc. This choice is binding. The choice to approve a website depends on several aspects. Think about methods it is possible to link your activities beyond academia to psychology. Don't fall in the trap of thinking that you should remain in academia more time to develop your transferable skills. You currently have the transferable skills you want to transition into industry. Our large program affords a plethora of training resources but there's still a strong awareness of community and collaboration as our trainees progress toward independence. Introducing Appic Psychology Internship Essay 4 Samples Undergraduate transcripts aren't required. This can help you accurately r ecognize the suitable essay set when you could be e-submitting your applications. Quite simply, the applicant can choose which letters of reference are submitted to every internship website. How to compose an accounting internship essay A superior accounting internship essay ought to be broken up into three primary components. If you would like to find high high quality research and thesis papers punctually and for a sensible price, you should probably attempt using EssaySupply.com. In sum, keep in mind that, however much you need that postdoc to receive your book written, the postdoc isn't there to serve you. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service given by fully qualified academics in your area of study. Definitions of Appic Psychology Internship Essay 4 Samples It also needs to be mentioned that the fees for the APPA CAS have similar or lower fees supplied by other expert organization. UND is the day when all offers for KPNC postdoctoral positions are created. Interns will be given a salary in addition to holiday, vacation, sick, and expert leave. Describe your job duties and duties. If you are likewise a parent, please take a peek at NIH resources for parents that are also trainees. Fellows will acquire clinical expertise in serving children, adolescents, families along with possibly a little number of adult customers. There are several additional training opportunites which could be discussed during the interview procedure and which can tailor the training experiences required to support the student. The program is intended to provide interns with diverse clinical expertise in the treatment of a broad variety of psychiatric disorders.

Using the Spanish Pronoun ‘Nada’

Nada is the usual Spanish pronoun meaning nothing—but because double negatives are common in Spanish, the word nada can often be translated as anything. Nada Meaning Nothing When nada indeed means nothing, usually as the subject of a sentence, the use of nada is straightforward for English speakers: Nada es mejor que la maternidad. (Nothing is better than motherhood.)Nada es mà ¡s importante en este momento de nuestra historia. (Nothing is more important at this time in our history.)Nada puede cambiarme. (Nothing can change me.)Nada tiene mà ¡s vida que las cosas que se recuerdan. (Nothing has more life than the things that are remembered.)Nada es lo que parece. (Nothing is what it seems.)No quiero participar en la discusià ³n sobre nada importante.  (I dont want to participate in the discussion about nothing important.) When  the Verb With Nada Is Negated However, when nada is the object of a verb, it is normal for the verb itself to be negated. Therefore, when translating such sentences, you usually have to translate nada as anything or something similar, or use the verb in a positive form. In the following examples, either translation is acceptable: No hay nada mà ¡s. (There isnt anything more. There is nothing more.)Este congreso no sirve para nada. (This Congress isnt worth anything. This Congress is worthless.)El manifestante hablà ³ dos horas sin decir nada. (The protester spoke for two hours without saying anything. The protester spoke for two hours and said nothing.)No hay nada mà ¡s grande que proteger los nià ±os. (There is nothing more important than protecting children. There isnt anything more important than protecting children.He decidido que no quiero comer nada con conservantes o aditivos. (I have decided I dont want to eat anything with preservatives or additives. I have decided I want to eat nothing with preservatives or additives.)No me gusta nada. (I dont like anything. I like nothing. Technically, nada is the subject of this sentence, but the double-negative rule still applies.) Using Nada for Emphasis Sometimes youll hear nada used as an adverb, where (after taking the double negative into account) it is usually used as an intensifier and thus can mean not at all: Mi hermano no estudia nada y no ayuda nada en casa. (My brother doesnt study at all nor help out at home at all.)Si tengo paraguas no corro nada.  (If I have an umbrella I dont run at all.)No aprendà ­ nada difà ­cil. (I didnt learn anything difficult at all.) Using Nada in Questions In questions, nada is nearly always used with a negative verb:  ¿No ha estudiado nada de eso? (You havent studied any of that?) ¿No puede ver nada el nià ±o?  (Cant the boy see anything?) ¿Por quà © no tenemos nada? (Why dont we have anything?) Phrases Using Nada Here are some common phrases using nada: ahà ­ es nada (similar to no big deal, a way of emphasizing and downplaying something at the same time): Han estado casados por 50 aà ±os. Ahi es nada. (They have been married for 50 years. No big deal.) antes que nada (most importantly, above everything else): Antes que nada, queremos que viva. (Above everything, we want him to live.)   de nada (unimportant, of little value): Traje a casa una monedas de nada. (I brought home some worthless coins.) The phrase de nada is also frequently used as the equivalent of youre welcome after gracias (thank you), similar to saying Its nothing after being thanked.   como si nada (as if it were nothing): Despuà ©s de todo lo que dije, salià ³ como si nada. (After everything I told him, he left as if it were nothing.) nada como (nothing like): No hay nada como el hogar. (There is no place like home.) Avoiding Confusion With Conjugated Nadar Nada meaning nothing shouldnt be confused with nada, the third-person present indicative form of nadar, to swim: Nada todas las maà ±anas en la piscina. (She swims every morning in the swimming pool.)El atleta nada a casi nueve kilà ³metros por hora. (The athlete swims at almost nine kilometers an hour.)Nada en agua frà ­a como si nada. (She swims in cold water as if it were nothing.) Key Takeaways Nada is the Spanish word for nothing.Because of the ways negatives are used in Spanish, nada is sometimes translated as anything.Nada is sometimes used as a word of emphasis.

The Women Of The 1920 S - 1125 Words

The twentieth century was a time for change. It was jam packed with cultural and economic changes. Specifically the women of the 1920’s created the most discussion. They made great strides in women’s suffrage, they became a mass culture, and there was a cultural civil war between the generations. There is more to the ‘20’s woman than just being a flapper. She is free, she is outgoing, and she is rebellious. The flapper woman is just one kind of woman in the 1920’s and in this paper I hope to educate you a little bit more about her as a whole, and argue that in the twenty-first century women are becoming their own version of the flapper. First off, women won the right to vote in 1920, forever changing the landscape of American politics. It took nearly one hundred years for reformers to win this right. A new type of woman was born with the passing of the nineteenth amendment. The roaring twenties made the perfect landscape for the stereotypic flapper; she had bobbed hair, wore short skirts, drank in public, spoke of unladylike things, and was being more sexually active than ever before. In all reality the majority of women did not partake of the inappropriate language but did adopt the fashionable flapper wardrobe. Many however were beginning to partake in premarital sex due to the more readily available birth controls and contraception. With new freedoms such as these, women were also seeking ne careers in professions like film, radio, nursing, farming, and even officeShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The 1920 S 19391305 Words   |  6 PagesWomen of the 1920’s-1939 The 1920’s was an era of dramatic political and cultural change, where many Americans lived in cities rather than farms. Many inventors came to be noticed as new cars were invented and as music entered the entertainment industry. A new style of music was invented mainly in the African American community, creating the Harlem Renaissance; which was an evolution of music and entertainment in Harlem, New York City. The women of America began to evolve in the 1920s, addingRead More1920 s Women s Fashion1868 Words   |  8 PagesGolda 23 April 2017 1920’s Women’s Fashion: Research Paper â€Å"In any era, fashion is a reflection of the time and what is going on in the culture politically, socially and economically.†1 The 1920’s witnessed a variety of dramatic changes for women; these changes, such as shorter dresses and stronger attitudes occurred primarily after World War I in spite of the prolonged development of women s’ rights through 1914 and 1920. With their new hair, fashion styles, and attitudes, women had started whatRead MoreWomen s Rights Since The 1920s1343 Words   |  6 PagesWomen have been trying to assert their rights since the 1920s. Waging a war with men and society to not be dominant but to be equal. They wanted to have an equal wage and equal power. Feminisms was and still is a very real cause but the meaning of the word gets confused. It is for women to be treated like men are. It isn’t to get rid of men or become more dominant than men. It is a feared word but in the 70s women tried to achieve this idea of equality as they still do today. Annie Lennox, a songwriterRead MoreAfrican American Women and Feminists of the 1920s1031 Words   |  4 PagesFeminist of the 1920’s In the 1920’s, blues was a very popular and dominating genre in the music industry. Generally, the blues was sung by African American women because according to the book entitled, â€Å"Blues Legacies and Black Feminism† by Angela Davis, â€Å"†¦The most widely heard individual purveyors of the blues—were women.† (Davis 4) The blues delivers certain emotions such as sadness, loneliness, love, sex, and feelings about the certain circumstances the artist may be going through at the timeRead MoreThe Role of Women in The 1920s Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesUp until the 1920s, women’s struggle for their right to vote seemed to be a futile one. They had been fighting for their suffrage for a long time, starting numerous womens rights movements and abolitionist activists groups to achieve their goal. â€Å"The campaign for women’s suffrage began in earnest in the decades before the Civil War. During the 1820s and 30s, most states had enfra nchised almost all white males (â€Å"The Fight for Womens Suffrage† ). This sparked women to play a more emphatic role inRead MoreImprovement of the Position of American Women by the End of 1920s839 Words   |  4 PagesImprovement of the Position of American Women by the End of 1920s I believe that the following statement the position of all women in the USA had improved by the end of the 1920s is not true because only a small percentage of womens lives changed, these were usually the upper or middle class and those who lived in the cities. I intend to prove my beliefs in the following paragraphs by evaluating the different aspects of their lifes, work, home, society and clothingRead MoreIs Fitzgerald’s Portrayal of 1920’s Women Entirely Negative? Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the women reflect â€Å"foolishness† on the outside, The Great Gatsby provides several examples in which women empower themselves despite their inferior status. Although Fitzgerald may have viewed women as a weaker sex, several females in the novel demonstrate an underlying power through their relationships, and display some admirable qualities. Although they are not able to achieve the same amounts of success as men in the society; by attaching themselves to a suitable mate allows them to shareRead MoreHow Did Flappers Change The View Of Women During The 1920 S1003 Words   |  5 PagesHow did Flappers change the view of women in the 1920 s Before flappers came along women were very modest. They were brought up to be lady-like and did not even date men unless their parents came along. They would wear clothes that were long and fancy and would cover their bodies head-to-toe, because they were not allowed to even show their ankles. Flappers went against all theses customs. Their irresponsible actions included: around kissing men, dancing on men provocatively, and just not caringRead MoreChange of Attitudes Toward the Role and Status of Women During the 1920s and 1930s540 Words   |  3 PagesToward the Role and Status of Women During the 1920s and 1930s At the beginning of the 1920s all women over 30 and all women property owners over the age of 21 had been enfranchised by the Representation of the Peoples Act that was passed by the government in 1918. This act paved the way for the major change in the role and status of women that occurred during the nineteen twenties and thirties. Political change came first for British Women with new legislations Read More1920s Fashion - Research Paper1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920’s fashion was a period of liberation, change, and even more importantly a movement towards the modern era. Fashion in the 1920’s varied throughout the decade but one could see the noticeable change from the previous fashion statements and eras. At the start of the decade, women began emancipating themselves from the constricting fashions by wearing more comfortable apparel. As women gained more rights and World War I forced them to become more independent, flappers came to be, mass-produced

Research Literacy for Health for Physicians - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theResearch Literacy for Health for Physician. Answer: Introduction In the healthcare organization, there are numerous delivery processes like patient handovers and interfaces among the healthcare professionals. One has to interact with numerous employees in the same organization like nurses, doctors, physicians and most importantly, patients. For this efficient interaction in clinical practice, effective communication is important where every piece of critical information should be accurately communicated between the stakeholders (Rider et al. 2014). A comprehensive organizational communication change is required in the healthcare organization to ensure conveying of critical information between the healthcare professionals and clear orders of clinical handover (Eklof and Ahlborg Jr 2016). As a newly appointed research manager in a healthcare organization, one realized that there is communication problem in the organization that requires change. There are ethical principles associated with communication that have an influence on risk and benefit in h ealthcare like respect for personal autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. Therefore, the following essay involves the discussion of ineffective communication among the organization, barriers witnessed and understanding of the ethical implications associated with implementation of the recommended solutions for organizational communication change. In a healthcare organization, effective communication acts as an important tool for improving patient satisfaction and enhances quality of care. If there is lack of communication witnessed in the organization, it can lead to poor patient satisfaction, medication errors and illness that might cause sudden death. In the recent, article by Khan et al. (2017) more than half the number of hospital readmissions are due to miscommunication and can be avoided with effective communication among the healthcare professionals and patients. To address the patient needs, it is important for the healthcare providers as frontline workers to have efficient communication with the patients to determine their needs and provide solutions in a proactive manner. These events can help to have a positive impact and enhance patient satisfaction. According to Silverman, Kurtz and Draper (2016) no matter how knowledgeable a physician is, he or she cannot help until unable to have good and open communication wit h the patient. Lyles et al. (2013)suggests that strong therapeutic relationship between the health provider and patient can only be formed when they exhibit effective communication skills and on the other hand the patients ability to follow the medical recommendations. The benefit of effective communication in a healthcare system has positive health outcomes for the patients and healthcare members as stated by Kourkouta and Papathanasiou, (2014). Effective communication is required between physician-nurse, nurse-patient and interpersonal communication skills among the members of healthcare organization. Poor communication is manifested among the physician that is responsible for the patient care and hampering of medical progress. It also hinders collaborative care retarding the patient treatment process and recovery progress. Clear background information about the patient is important to provide referral to the consultants. Physician-nurse relationship is also important, as nurses have to understand and follow the instructions given to them. Missing of any critical information of patient can risk his or her life in danger. Delayed communication is another instance where the medical progress is hampered and failure to convey timely information between the doctors. Nurse-patient communication is also important as effective interaction help to assess their important concerns and needs (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). At the Darwin Private Hospital, in high dependency unit (HDU) it was found that it does not comply with Australian system. A serious failure of medical staffs led to the breakdown of the hospital procedures leading to death of Irene Magriplis, 75-year-old woman. The nurses and medical staffs did not communicated regarding the fluid chart of the patient about the leaking of bile and ended in providing sub-optimal care, eventually leading to death. As a research manager, I witnessed that the nurse practitioner communicated with the patient comprehensively about the plan of care. In a while, I noticed that hospitalist visited the patient and outlined the changes that are required in the plan. In this way, the nurse lost credibility with the patient and left the patient wondering that entire hospital management is providing them a high level of care. Moreover, while conveying the information, patient and his family did not ask questions and the nurse also did not seek feedback to assess the information conveyed. I noticed various barriers hinder effective communication in the healthcare organization. There is absence of a systematic communication method that promotes healthy communication between the healthcare professionals and patients. Another barrier observed is that one fear to question the higher authority and their medical ability (King et al. 2013). As a result, nurses and patients are unable to raise their concerns when appropriate and it is manifested in the whole organization. Language acts as the biggest barrier where the client or patient does not understand English (Taylor, Nicolle and Maguire 2013). It is not always possible to have an interpreter available in such a demanding and stressful hospital environment. This results in patient dissatisfaction with poor health outcomes. Ethnic and minority groups are the most disadvantaged and face language barrier in seeking healthcare services and facilities. Workload and nurse shortages are also barriers where they do not have time to establish a healthy therapeutic relationship with the patients. In addition, clinical handoffs or delegation occurs on a daily basis in the healthcare organizations. Poor communication between delegations can hamper the patient safety, as there is lack of conveying of critical information endangering the overall aspects of care of the patient (Fujimori et al. 2014). Literature suggests that evidence-base practices are the best approaches to improve communication skills, bring communication change in the organization, and prevent medical errors. Firstly, there should be fostering of a healthy, therapeutic relationship that can enhance effective communication between the healthcare providers and patients (Brock et al. 2013). Secondly, there should be gathering of adequate information about the patient to avoid communication gap and lack of conveying critical information during clinical handovers (Manser et al. 2013). In the same way, information should also be provided to the concerned stakeholders regarding the patient during delegation or plan diagnosis or treatment. Various frameworks for communication are also employed by the healthcare organizations. Vethical principles are associated with communication in health between the healthcare professionals and patients. As the healthcare profession deals with combating illness and improving ones life, they have to work in accordance with the ethical principles. As a ethical advisor, I witnessed that non-adherence to these principles can have ethical implications like respect for autonomy, beneficence, justice and non-maleficence for the application of the recommendations. It is highly recommended that healthcare professionals and focused groups like patients have to understand the ethical implications and considerations required to implement effective communication. The communicator in this communication network has the ethical liability to provide effective information about the disease, treatment, management, prevention and health promotion with seeking of feedback from recipient to assess whether important messages are properly accepted and understood. Healthcare professionals have the ethical obligation to respect for autonomy of patients where they have to seek informed consent regarding diagnostics, therapeutics and interventions. This explains that patients need to be informed about purpose and interventions in a respectful and proactive manner. According to Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) They should employ simple and suitable language to make them informed and keeping in mind that communication acts as the main component for diagnosis and treatment. These ethical principles need to be applied in the healthcare system to avoid medical errors and ensure patient safety and positive health outcomes (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). Justice is also an ethical principle that needs to be followed by the healthcare professionals that there should be fair and equal resource distribution and should have ethical decision-making. For the equality to healthcare services by users, the underlying ethical principle is justice that ensures to provide equity of care and services irrespective of caste, creed, religion or racial background. It is important there should be justified and ethical decision making that work for the benefit of the patients ensuring safety (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). Non-malificence is also a guiding ethical principle that guides the healthcare organizations in exhibiting effective communication in medical and nursing care. It is defined as a way where one should be obliged to not inflict any intentional harm and provide clear and efficient communication in succinct language that is understood by the patients. The main focused group would be the patients who experience language barrier and do not understand English. The healthcare professionals should abide by ethical principles like there should be no harm and an act, which is intrinsically wrong, should not be practiced and should work to promote positive health outcomes for the service users. In this, it is recommended that proper information should be conveyed to the patient that is relevant to his or her treatment avoiding all unnecessary information (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). Beneficence, the ethical principle is practiced in the health communication. The information should be gathered and provided to the recipient in a way where healthcare providers should avoid harm. They should remove harm and promote good by addressing the communication barriers and working in providing a collaborative care for the patients ensuring highest quality of care. When communication takes place in an efficient manner, healthcare providers reduces the gap for irrelevant information and issues of miscommunication among the conveyer and recipient (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. 2017). This promotes positive health and well-being of the patient as there is no scope for medical errors or hampering of patient safety. It is crucial that for providing health information among the providers and in between them and service users, accuracy, balance and completeness of information should be there to avoid missing of critical information and hampering patient safety. This is also crucial during patient handovers as there is involvement of responsibility and accountability of the healthcare providers as miscommunication can endanger patients safety and their adaptability to the illness, treatment and management of the disease. Although, it is challenging to implement communicational change in the organizations, it is important to address the communication barriers and promote efficient communication in the organization. Conclusion Effective communication is a crucial tool in healthcare that determines patient safety and medical error rates. Every piece of information need to be communicated efficiently to avoid communication gaps and ensure patient safety with positive health outcomes. Efficient communication with the patients helps to determine their needs and provide solutions in a proactive manner. Communication barriers like language is witnessed that hamper patient safety. There are ethical principles associated with communication that have an influence on risk and benefit in healthcare like respect for personal autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice. These have ethical implications on the communication and healthcare organization as a whole. Addressing these barriers and applying these ethical principles promotes positive health and well-being of the patient as there is no scope for medical errors or hampering of patient safety. References Brock, D., Abu-Rish, E., Chiu, C.R., Hammer, D., Wilson, S., Vorvick, L., Blondon, K., Schaad, D., Liner, D. and Zierler, B., 2013. Interprofessional education in team communication: working together to improve patient safety.BMJ Qual Saf,22(5), pp.414-423. Eklof, M. and Ahlborg Jr, G., 2016. Improving communication among healthcare workers: a controlled study.Journal of Workplace Learning,28(2), pp.81-96. Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y., Asai, M., Kubota, K., Katsumata, N. and Uchitomi, Y., 2014. Effect of communication skills training program for oncologists based on patient preferences for communication when receiving bad news: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical oncology,32(20), pp.2166-2172. Khan, A., Furtak, S.L., Melvin, P., Rogers, J.E., Schuster, M.A. and Landrigan, C.P., 2017. Parent-provider miscommunications in hospitalized children.Hospital Pediatrics, pp.hpeds-2016. King, B.J., Gilmore?Bykovskyi, A.L., Roiland, R.A., Polnaszek, B.E., Bowers, B.J. and Kind, A.J., 2013. The consequences of poor communication during transitions from hospital to skilled nursing facility: a qualitative study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,61(7), pp.1095-1102. Kourkouta, L. and Papathanasiou, I.V., 2014. Communication in nursing practice.Materia socio-medica,26(1), p.65. Lyles, C.R., Sarkar, U., Ralston, J.D., Adler, N., Schillinger, D., Moffet, H.H., Huang, E.S. and Karter, A.J., 2013. Patientprovider communication and trust in relation to use of an online patient portal among diabetes patients: The Diabetes and Aging Study.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(6), pp.1128-1131. Manser, T., Foster, S., Flin, R. and Patey, R., 2013. Team communication during patient handover from the operating room: more than facts and figures.Human factors,55(1), pp.138-156. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2017).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 22 Aug. 2017]. Rider, E.A., Kurtz, S., Slade, D., Longmaid, H.E., Ho, M.J., Pun, J.K.H., Eggins, S. and Branch, W.T., 2014. The International Charter for Human Values in Healthcare: an interprofessional global collaboration to enhance values and communication in healthcare.Patient education and counseling,96(3), pp.273-280. Silverman, J., Kurtz, S. and Draper, J., 2016.Skills for communicating with patients. CRC Press. Taylor, S.P., Nicolle, C. and Maguire, M., 2013. Cross-cultural communication barriers in health care.Nursing Standard,27(31), pp.35-43.

Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Example

Control Theory Corporate Crime Essay Conflict theory primarily argues that it is the economic system of capitalism itself that produces crime however, in order to understand the causes of corporate crime, the neoliberal framework and its utilization must be examined. Neoliberalism accords the state not to intervene or regulate the market, and in effect produces inequality but most importantly crime. Criminal acts are committed by the elites that are following the core of the neoliberal doctrine which is maximizing profits while minimizing costs. Corporate crimes are committed by executives or executive officers n behalf of corporations to further their own interests or the interest of the organizations. These crimes can result in harming the working class which may consist of employees, consumers, stockholders, or the general public (Snider, 2005; pg 170). These crimes vary from marketing unsafe products, maintaining unsafe workplaces, defrauding workers, environmental pollution, price fixing, anti-trust violations and other malpractices (Passas, 2005; pg 773). The analysis and understandings of the causes to corporate crime is crucial to Criminology because it costs society severely and entails; physical costs, financial costs, environmental amage, undermines the democratic system and undermines economic growth. However, these crimes remain unpunished because neoliberal knowledge claims allow these acts to remain invisible, unregulated, neutralized, difficult to prosecute, ambiguous in the law and in criminal status and have a lack of responsibility. Marxism hypothesizes that society is structured based upon the relationship of people to the production of material goods. In other words, those who own the means of production also control the works, politicians as well as the development of criminal and economic law. Following the Marxist perception, this essay will argue that corporate crime is not caused but rather it is a by-product of the neoliberal framework elites govern society by. We will write a custom essay sample on Control Theory Corporate Crime specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Control Theory Corporate Crime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Control Theory Corporate Crime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer THE POWER OF THE NEOLIBEARL DOCTRINE To begin with, the neoliberal framework was designed to benefit individuals and organizations of elite status which allowed them to gain independence and power from the state. This then allows them to engage in criminal activites and Justify them as responding to competitive forces from the market. Neoliberalism accords the government an active role in securing and producing the conditions for the market ut disagrees strongly with government intervention Codi, 2008; pg 67), which means the markets must be set free to follow their internal logic which is profit. This means that in order to cut costs; the most inexpensive means may be an illegal means. Key elites in the New World economy have invested billions of dollars, reputations and the power of nation states in obtaining certain interpretations (of laws, issues, scientific data) accepted and others rejected these claims are called neoliberal knowledge claims (Snider, 2005; pg 181). Furthermore, they push for certain nterpretation of laws of how to govern the market in accordance with the neoliberal privileges in a number of ways. For example, interpreting scientific data in ways that prove genetically engineered plants are safe, is worth a trillion dollars to the transnational companies that hold the patents on this genetic material and to the nation-states which grantee their legitimacy (Snider, 2005; pg 181). On the other hand, inequality is more closely related to the acceptance of the neoliberal ideology and its allied ideology of globalization; for instance, employees frightened of losing heir Jobs to third world works are more likely to accept lower wage Jobs, unsafe work conditions and higher levels of exploitation (Snider, 2004; pg 266). The neoliberal framework (that encourages pro-business behaviour) allows corporations to utilize whatever means possible in order to maximize profits which may result in exploiting the working class in a countless number of ways; from inducing them to consume harmful products to forcing them to succumb to unsafe working conditions. This result in a conflict between the culture of competition and ethical standards however, orporations are not like humans they are artificial legal entities with perpetual life chartered by the government for their existence (Nadar, 2004; pg 8). Corporations have achieved a status where they have all constitutional rights that people have except the right against self-incrimination. Corporations engage in criminal activites on a number of different levels that harm and affect the general public however, the public for the most part remains unaware of these activites because these elites invest in hiding the truth which thereby renders their actions invisible. THE INVISBALITY OF COPRORATE CRIME Secondly, Marxists argue that is it the connected ability of the powerful to manipulate values of society which is why corporate crimes are rendered invisible. Academics find it difficult to analyze corporate crime because large scale survey data is not available so researchers have to rely on non-objective crime statistics collected by impartial government agencies such as StatsCan or the Home Office which usually yield tiny samples (Snider, 2005; pg 186). Corporations do not want sociologist investigating their business practises, unlike traditional offenders they have the ability to resist such incursions. On the other hand, the Justice department for the most part has an inadequate budget for investigated let alone prosecuting corporate crimes. Police agencies cannot keep up with the geographic bounders of victimization, the mobility of the offenders and the complexities of the crimes because they usually involve investigating and prosecuting at the same time and also extensive knowledge of the corporate infrastructure which policing agencies, for a reason, are not equipped for (Schlegel et al. 1999; pg 15). According to Marxism, the law is developed and implemented by the elites to control the working class and rime is a product of class-based inequality, the policing agencies are funded by the government which are heavily influenced by the elites therefore, conflict theory asserts that criminal law is designed to target the working class in order to protect the interests of the elites. Conversely, unlike street crime there is a general lack of media attention with regards to corporate Wrongdoings however, in the rare instance that these cases are nature (Williams, 2008; pg 474) these are neutralizations, which purposely overlooking their status as crimes. Business culture from the neoliberal framework ot only provides incentives to engage in illicit activites but also contains justifications that can be used to neutralize ethical restraints; this is part of the neoliberal knowledge claims. For instance, when corporate Wrongdoings do surface to the publics attention they are quickly neutralized as accidents, isolated episodes, bad apples or voluntary consent. Accidents are portrayed as unintended, unanticipated and unavoidable events that could not be reasonably prevented (Williams, 2009-04-21). Isolated episodes are when organizations or individuals momentarily depart from their usual ethical behaviours and engage in criminal ctivites (Williams, 2009-04-21). In addition, bad apples is a theory of corruption that asserts the problem of an individual engaging in misconduct rather than the department as a whole, which means a lack of responsibility (Williams, 2008; pg 476). Last, voluntary consent is a neutralization for harms inflicted on employees that work in dangerous industries, the harms are neutralized by stating that those employees consented to those risks and conditions however, the company may not have fully disclose all the risks and harms (Williams, 2009-04-21). Corporate crime is systemic owever; its ability to neutralize its criminal activity and characterize it as rare accidents or uncommon wrongdoings allows it to continue without question. In addition to neutralizations, in the rare event that corporate crime is prosecuted, one of the most common ways of differentiated corporate crime from street crime is to point at the lack of Mens Rea which is the criminal intent to inflict harm (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 17). Nevertheless, clear conscious decisions are made when cutting back on workplace safety budgets, quality control funding etc. with the knowledge hat with these decisions human life may be harmed however, because corporations are seen as impersonal, faceless and complex entities which results in a lack of responsibility and therefore the harms are dismissed because there is no definitive way of knowing whether the intent was there. Moreover, because elites have the resources and are finically equipped they invest in hiding these truths. THE FAILURE OF REGULATION Moreover, the neoliberal framework asserts that the market remain deregulated, with that deregulation, corporations continue to engage in criminal activites until hey accumulate imbalances that contribute to finical crisis, the government must then intervene with regulations however, those regulations are quickly removed by corporate influence. History of regulation in Canada was weak from its initial attempt at regulating the market. To start with, Canadas Combines Investigation Act was designed to prevent competition in the market and to do so it criminalized corporate monopolies (companies that dominant specific products or services in the market), mergers and price discrimination. However, the legislation was weak because no rosecutions against corporations were registered, it never received adequate funding or enforcement and each attempt to strengthen it was strongly opposed by the elites (Snider, 2005; pg 173). This act lasted for over 96 years until 1969 when the Interim Report on Competition Policy was created and its policy implications were act it had little political support due to the political pressures from corporations (Snider, 2005; pg 174). For the next 10 years, several versions of the Bill were created and each weaker than the last finally in 1976 attempts at reforming laws that govern he market were abandoned (Snider, 2005; pg 174). In 1984, the Conservative government was elected with the new Prime Minister Brian Mulroney; following the neoliberal doctrine he denounced the anti-American and anti-business stance that the previous Canadian laws attempted to accomplish and created the Competition Act (Snider, 2005; pg 175). This Bill encompassed the neoliberal ideology, it compelled the government to create the conditions necessary for market exchange, it promoted competitiveness and enhanced business prosperity however to do this, mergers, monopolies and price discrimination was decriminalized. On the other hand, influential Criminologist Edwin Sutherland advanced the concept of corporate crime that not only revealed new types of crime but it also threatened to expose the traditional myth of the neutrality of the law (Shover et al. , 2006; pg 78). He pointed to the role of privileged and their power in shaping of the law as well the existence ofa double standard of Justice in the implementation of the law, with regards to benefitting the upper-class and controlling the lower class offenders. This concept raised the basic question about the nature of law and the intentions of the criminal ustice system. Furthermore, the neoliberal framework furthers the prevalence of greed, the systemic nature of corporate corruption, the necessity of regulation and the inherent instability of the capitalist mode of production (Williams, 2008; pg 472) that creates discernable forms of real harm. The neoliberal doctrine pushes for the failure of regulation in market societies which allows corporations to create their own governing through political influence and suitable environments for their malpractices. In addition, the Neoliberal doctrine has provided the means for corporate entities o gain insurmountable powers and influence in the political and economic realm; this allows them to keep the market and their behaviour unregulated and decriminalized. The main reason why their criminal practises remain legal and respected is that these industries have the ability to mobilize financial, political as well as other resources in order to avoid stricter regulation (Passas, 2005; pg 772), Furthermore, the globalization of markets (the dismantling of trade barriers between nations and the integration of economies Oodi, 2008; pg 17)) is another component of he neoliberal framework and it furthers the fragmentation of regulation. The more a corporation grows into new geographic areas, the less subjected it is to control, accountability and supervision. An example of this is the use of child labour in developing countries that export the manufactured goods to developed countries, the same countries that criminalize that practise (Passas, 2005; pg 775). This demonstrates the double standard set by capitalists nation-states whereas the laws that are created to criminalize these practises are only applicable when it is not in he best interest of these corporate entities. In contrast, over regulation and government interference in corporate business practises are claimed to be rendered uncompetitive or unprofitable, so when governments assert some form of regulation, thereby negatively affecting local communities or the whole country (Passas, 2005; pg 777). Corporations threaten governments by downsizing and taking their business elsewhere- to a less regulated state, therefore governments must obey these demands because they have become so dependent on their services, employment, and financial contributions to the economy. Furthermore, the government not only allows them to remain unregulated but corporations also activity participate in defining and legalization their own criminality. Ironically, when policy makers and legislatures, write laws outlawing rape, burglary, armed robbery, larceny and theft they do not consult or negotiate with the criminals who committed those crimes (Kappeler et al. , 2005; pg 160) but when legislatures enact laws in regulating corporations they actively seek input and advice from those they seemingly are setting out to punish thus, decriminalizing corporate Wrongdoings. Also, the laws that have been created to criminalize illegal acts by corporations are made to be so complex and full of loop holes that they are almost impossible to enforce. Decriminalization is the successful reduction of restriction, oversight thereby permitting individuals and organizations to operate with greater latitude (Snider, 2005; pg 83). Decriminalization in relation to corporate crime occurs daily, privileged and powerful interests have been successful in revising the internal revenue code to their advantage, leading to a substantially increased share of the tax burden shifted o the working class citizens (Snider, 2005; pg 85). This close relationship of the state and corporate criminals illustrates the state regulation of traditional crime while punishments for corporate criminals are being eliminated; incarceration rates for traditional blue-collar criminals are doubling. The working class are criminalized because of the inequality and brutalization of low wages and the frequent threat of unemployment. Prison which is seen as the control tool for the working class is both a material deterrent and an ideological weapon (Schlegel et al. 1999; pg 96) of the apitalist state ensuring the suppression of threats from below. The power gained by corporations allows them to strongly influence governments in relation to criminal law and policy making but most importantly making them dependant on corporations for their services. CATERING TO CORPORATE NEEDS Additionally, governments have now become so dependent on corporations for their economies that, employers are considered to be doing governments favour merely by setting up shop (Snider, 2005; pg 171). This means that nations and their subunits compete to offer business the best tax breaks, the highest subsides, the owest minimum wage levels and the least regulation (Passas, 2005; pg 775). The decriminalization of once illegal activites attracted international and fortune 500 companies to set up shop in Canada, shortly after these corporations convinced governments into massive privatization, keeping minimum wage at its lowest form possible with regards to inflation, decertifying unions as well as a variety of other exploitation and harms to the Canadian working class. The organizations that engage in what used to be called corporate crime seem to now be responded by reasoned persuasion, rewards with tax breaks and market incentives. Harsher punishments fill and overfill the prisons of modern capitalist societies (Snider, 2005; pg 174). Contrastingly, in an attempt for the government to appear fair to all its citizens, it has created laws that can be used by the non-capitalist class to protect themselves against the powerful such as: anti-trust monopoly laws, consumer laws, progressive tax and factory safety laws. However there is an immense struggle to have those laws evoked in the working class interest (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 98). Contrary to common assumption that these legal practises and industries are beneficial to society; as llustrated by the government catering to corporate needs, society is actually worse off by allowing certain operations and practises to continue. In a sense, the more these industries flourish the more societies fail for the non-capitalist citizens. Lastly, the neoliberal stronghold that drives elite behaviour has taken grasp of government officials, policy makers and politicians to further their own personal gains. To ensure corporate interests corporations need to obtain access; this is done through social contracts, personal favours, paid lobbyists and monetary contributions . The privileged gain the access needed to ensure their perspectives are known and taken seriously by political leaders and state managers (Shover et al. , 2006; pg 87). Then, these politicians make sure that the public is aware of the contributions and higher quality of life they receive by the presence and services of these industries. Critics say that one of the key reasons to why corporate crime is not pursued; is the all to close relationship between the financial regulators and the finical industry this is because many of the leaders in the securities commissions ome from the financial industry or were lawyers that previously served them (Schlegel et al. , 1999; pg 15). An example of this close relationship; a real-estate investor saw that a company that he had invested in was committing fraudulent crimes, he decided to report this to the Ontario Securitas Commission (OSC) and a sister company the Investors Dealers Association (IDA) [ a combination of up banks and brokerages]. The realtor realized that the one of the men he was reporting to about the fraudulent crimes was the same man that was committing those crimes nd was a member of the IDA (CBC Sunday Night, 2008- 11-23). It was concluded that the people he was complaining to were the same people that were the problem. Another instance of this relationship is of David Wilson who is now presently head of the Ontario Securitas Commission (OSC); he was previously the chief executive officer of the bank of Nova Scotia (who is guarding your money? ). Presently, Canada has a patch work of 13 regulators, provincially and other self-regulating watchdogs that attempt to regulate the markets of Canada (Biggs et al. , 2003; pg 3). They all regulate ndependently of one another and have different policies on regulation, this shows that there is no serious attempt at regulating the markets of Canada. Arguably, the credit crisis that we are seeing recently in Wall Street had already happened in Canada but did not receive publicity because the securities regulation system in Canada works with the investment industry to cover up its own bad behaviour and fraudulent activities (CBC Sunday Night, 2008- 11-23). According to Bay street analysts, it is estimated that Canadian investors loose $20 billion a year in fraud but are unaware of it (Zedner, 2006; pg 5). Moreover, politicians have been bought by fraudulent activity turns out to be working with those that commit those crimes. In summary, criminal law works, is the message, and harsher criminal law works best. However when it comes to crimes of marketing unsafe products, maintaining unsafe workplaces, defrauding workers, dumping toxic waste, misrepresenting the benefits or not disclosing the risks of products- criminal law does not work. According to Marxism, this is because criminal law is created to protect the interests of the elite and to control the working class from breaking out of the cycle of nequality created by the capitalist neoliberal claims. Breaking out of the cycle or disobeying its elements means committing a crime, criminal law is then a form of social control. Deviance and crime represent conflicts in society which are managed by the suppression of the ruled by the rulers. The public is unaware of the crimes because of the massive lobbying by corporations, elite investment in scientific, sociological and political knowledge claims, neutralizations of corporate incidents, decriminalization of corporate Wrongdoings and the generally invisibility of corporate crime. This then leads the public to believe that corporate crime is not a threat to society or their means of living. Also, the rare incidents that are available to public knowledge are deemed as natural incidents that occur from time to time because of the competitive nature of neoliberal capitalism. Conversely, elites have invested in convincing the public that street crimes are committed by the working class; and are imminent threats to society therefore, need deterrent action in order to maintain the quality of life in capitalist societies. Neoliberal claims further the rowth of corporations allowing them to participate in creating the laws that govern their activites; these claims have swayed politicians, market watch dogs, policy makers and governments. By this governments favour corporate actors because of the economic gains they will obtain for personal interests rather than providing a decent minimum wages, quality working conditions, safe products etc. for the working class. This proves that corporate crimes are a by-product of the neoliberal capitalism framework rather than having specific causes and this claim is an important tool for Criminology in order to understand corporate crime. The neoliberal ideology that has been adapted by elites and politicians ensures that the illegal and criminal acts that corporations commit remain invisible. From this essay, it has been noted that criminal law is used by corporate actors and politicians in order to maintain social order and suppress the working class. However, in a larger context and using the Marxist perception; how have laws and criminal Justice, as forms of social control, been used to contain class struggle and maintain class divisions at different times in different societies? Biggs, C. , Coleman R. (2003). Rules and Prevarications. CMA Management, 7(3) 1-20. CBC Sunday Night. (Nov. 23, 2008) Who is guarding your money? CBC, Toronto. Dean, Jodi (2008). Enjoying Neoliberalism. Cultural Politics 4(1), 47-72. Kappeler, V. , Potter, G. (2005). The Mythology of Crime and Criminal Justice (4th Ed. ). Illinois: Waveland Press Inc. (Course Text) Nadar, Ralph (2004). Legislating Corporate Ethics. Journal of Legislation, 30, 193-204. Passas, Nikos (2005). Lawful but Awful: Legal Corporate Crimes. The Journal of Socio- Economics, 34, 771-786 Schlegel, K. , Weisburd, D. (1999). White-Collar Crimes Reconsidered (Revised Ed). Boston: Northeastern. Shover, N. , Hochstetler, A. (2006). Choosing White-Collar Crime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Snider, Laureen (2000). Sociology of Corporate Crime: An obituary. Theoretical Criminology, 4(2), 169-206. Snider, Laureen (2004). Resisting Neo-Liberalism. Social and Legal Studies, 13(2), 265-289 Williams, James (2008). The Lessons of Enron. Theoretical Criminology, 12(4), 471-499. Williams, James (2009) White-Collar Crime l. Criminology. York University. (Lecture) Zedner, Lucia (2006). Liquid Security: Managing the Market for Crime Control. Criminology and Criminal Justice, 6(3), 276-288.

Computers in our World

Computers in our World In the 1950's, computers were a new race of machines and most common person did not know anything about them. Today, computers and new Innovation like the internet has changed the business world and even our daily lives. How did it change the business world and our own personal lives and is it for the best, that's what will be discussed here. How Computers changed our lives . Large businesses now mostly depend on computers to stay competitive, they not only save time and effort, but sometimes they are used to do very complex application that are necessary to this business. More and more companies have there own "Web Page" on the net. Some use the Internet only to display information about there business, others really go "all out" and use the Internet as another way for a client to purchase their goods and services. Either way, the Internet is getting larger and larger, therefore, businesses that want to stay on top cannot omit the Internet as another way to transact with their clien ts.Internet!Although computers have become necessary in the business world, it also has become a "must" for certain individuals in their daily lives. With computers today, the things you can do are unlikely to do with out it. It affects people in a variety of ways. It changes the way we communicate, the way we do business and the way we spend our days.The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have...

The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis during 1993-4 Essay

The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis during 1993-4 - Essay Example gh it seems difficult to oppose that view, the â€Å"crisis† was resolved in 1994 when North Korea obeyed the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The situation had been considered as a nuclear crisis when the North Korea withdrew from the NPR on March 12, 1993. This became the onset of the North Korean nuclear crisis which became a major concern in the international arena. Different countries participated to be able to resolve the problem. These countries include China Japan, Russia and the members of the IAEA which held important roles in the process of settling the nuclear crisis. The most important and most affected countries though with the most significant participation in the issue are the South Korea and the United States. For South Korea, the danger had been the fact that the relationship with the Northern region had been volatile since the civil war. In addition, South Korea is facing the North’s dangerous play over the demilitarized zone and the United States, a superpower which deployed about 37,000 American military in the South and played a leadership in international community. For that matter, South Korea and United States can be considered as the major role players in the resolution of the North Korean nuclear crisis. Many of existing literature on the North Korean nuclear problem tend to focus on political aspects of the program and strategy to solve the issue. The political perspective is necessary to analyze the stake of North Korean nuclear program. Although this is the case, it is not sufficient to understand the full scope of a more complicated picture, especially the 1994 crisis which can be considered to be affected by the complicated interaction of history, politics, military and economy. Some published works have been able to reveal more thoroughly such as â€Å"Going Critical† written by insiders during the crisis. The authoritative account of the crisis recounts a detail about how

My History about a Guard in the Mall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

My History about a Guard in the Mall - Essay Example The guard looked like part of the furniture by virtue of his immobility. He was an inch or two shies of six feet and had a ruddy face. However, I could only see an outline of his nose and chin as he was not facing my direction. He had which I thought contrasted to his military style hair cut. On his head, he had blond crossly cropped like soldiers would be. He had on a well-starched blue short sleeved shirt and a pair of pants made of the same material. He had regulation boots, but it was the way he positioned his feet that made my neck snap up from my examination. From where I sat, I could tell his right shoe was clearly more buffed than the right one. I tried to play Sherlock Holmes and looked to see if he held his baton with his left hand. He did his holster was on the same side, so I concluded he was right-handed. He lifted up his face to examine something in the distance somewhere across the door his eyes were blue, and he had exceptionally busy eyebrows, which were not quite as brown as his hair. His eyes had a faraway look like a sailor trying to spy a distance inland from the deep sea. I wondered if he had been in the navy, and he seemed to be staring at a point far in the horizon even in an enclosed mall where there was not much of a horizon. His hands, which had shifted the baton to a peg on his belt, they were big pinkish callused hands which could have seen hard labor in the past. The fingernails on his left hand looked like they had been chewed on rather on rather than clipped. He stood with his feet apart, and this seemed to give him an element of stability as well as size. When he stood there, with his feet aside his hands constantly felt at his pockets area.  

Graphic Novels in education Essay Example for Free

Graphic Novels in education Essay Graphic novels and comic books have been some of the most debated topics recently in many different areas. Many people think that they could be helpful in education, while some others completely disagree. Some people think they are childish, and some think they require just as much comprehension as long, fictional novels. However, despite all the criticism graphic novels often get, the genre is growing recently. Many things have led to this rise in interest, from easier access on the Internet to the many superhero movies sparking interest in a younger audience. Due to this recent rise in popularity for graphic novels, several people believe that this genre can be helpful in all levels of education. There are positives and negatives to this possibility, like everything else, but the positives seem to outweigh the negatives. One thing that weighs in favor of adding more graphic novels into education is that they are easier to read and can be more encouraging for students who may not like to read. There are several things that one must be able to do to read and understand graphic novels, including comprehending visual imagery and making inferences. The biggest factors that are helping push graphic novels into education are what was just mentioned; the way students now learn, the need to make inferences, and the need for students to learn visually. Every teacher can admit to having a few students in class that were not particularly good readers or that did not enjoy reading. If graphic novels were read more widely in classrooms, that would help with these certain students learning. The vocabulary and diction used in this genre is much simpler than in most word-based novels that would be read in class. Often, students who are given a very long book, they simply do not even read for their assignments. However, if one of these same students was given a longer graphic novel, like Watchmen for example, it is very likely that they would be more willing to read. Another method that makes these works easier for some students is that the words are more spread out, which makes the student only comprehend small parts at a time. This makes students who are less confident with their reading skills able to better manage comprehending the purpose in a novel. Although the speech in graphic novels is simpler, students are still â€Å"challenged by the need to infer and decipher a variety of literary devices† (Constantino). Another positive factor in graphic novels is how visual it is. Children today are becoming much more visual learners. This is probably due to the prevalence of television and computers in today’s society. While, television and computers have often been looked at as negative impacts in children’s learning, many students have figured out that there are good things on television and the internet. Also, these students have found out that there are books that are not particularly good, despite what they have been taught. While there is still going to be those people out there who will have their doubts about allowing this genre in education, students would benefit from having more visual learning and less long narratives in class, which is just what graphic novels would bring. One of the most important abilities for a student when reading is learning how to make inferences. Many times in comics and graphic novels, the author will give a â€Å"bare outline† of what is going on, and leave the reader to â€Å"fill in the blanks† with the scenery or facial expressions of the characters (Walter). This ability is key to not only reading, but also in daily life. Inferences often need to be made in conversation to know exactly what situation that person is going through. If graphic novels were added to more school’s curriculum, then not only would students’ reading abilities improve, but their conversational skills would also improve. The reader of comics must also be able to decode the messages that the writer displays in his work. No matter how discrete of a message the author may insert into a work, the reader must be able to put together the pieces of the puzzle to create a continuous story. The reader must perform closure in between the â€Å"encapsulated moments in order to create a completed whole out of fragments† (Duncan and Smith 12). This closure that the reader must make is very similar to making inferences. To do both, one must apply background knowledge and relate events that may be described indirectly to blend these sequences into a constant story. Because of the important skill of making inferences that is necessary to read and understand graphic novels, they can be used as a gateway to reading more challenging works by developing this skill in children. As was mentioned previously, children are relying more and more on learning through visual techniques. Because of that, comics can be much more helpful than long narratives in teaching students to understand imagery, tone, symbolism, and many others. One example of how visual aids can help students learn is by using facial expression or body language of the drawn characters in graphic novels. Students will be able to gain many details of the story by simply looking at these two things. By looking at a character’s facial expression, one can learn the current mood of the story, along with what tone the character may be using. Teaching students to look at these things will not just help them when reading a graphic novel, it can also help them figure out certain situations that may occur during their lives. While some people argue that graphic novels are much simpler or not as mentally stimulating, they do share some characteristics with text-based narratives. One characteristic in particular is that they both use onomatopoeia. While these text-based narratives will insert these words into a sentence, graphic novels will make an entire panel out of one of these words. Although both of these genres do use onomatopoeia equally as much, the usage in graphic novels is more imaginative. In graphic novels, the word is usually brought to the center of the page, and made colorful and exciting. Because of the way that graphic novels display this literary technique, students can easier realize when that literary device is being used. Students can get a better understanding of when this literary device is applicable, and that will make them more confident as they continue reading. Despite the fact that graphic novels can often maintain a simpler vocabulary, they can still teach students simple literary devices like onomatopoeia. While the vocabulary is usually simpler, the material is more complex. As Linda Starr states in her article, an advantage of using graphic novels in the classroom is that these books â€Å"present complex material in readable text†. This gives graphic novels an advantage over other, harder to read, novels because more often than not, these students have a greater understanding of issues that are dealt with in books, but not all the time can they decipher what the issues are because of the more difficult vocabulary. One way to simplify things for these students, while still challenging them mentally is to provide more graphic novels in the curriculum. There is always going to be crowds of people who will deny graphic novels ever being relevant in education, but the different ways students are learning, the way students must make inferences, and the visual techniques that are displayed in graphic novels all provide reasons why these texts should be included in the classroom today. Graphic novels can serve as a spring into a lifelong love of reading or it can simply keep the student interested enough to get through an assignment. Whatever a student’s level of reading skill, there is no doubt that they will be able to read a graphic novel, while still maintaining a certain complexity in the ideas presented. Graphic novels can also teach students how to make inferences, as well as recognize and understand common literary techniques. Above all, students’ imaginations, and possibly interests will rise because of this genre being implemented into a curriculum. As Jesse Karp notes about graphic novels, â€Å"the form reaches young people in a way no other can†, and that is what is most important to future students’ learning. Works Cited Constantino, Correne. â€Å"Teaching English and Reading with Graphic Novels†. Education. cu-portland. edu. Concordia University, n. d. Web. 3 May 2013. Randy Duncan and Matthew J. Smith. The Power of Comics: History, Form and Culture. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group, 2009. Print. Karp, Jesse. â€Å"The Case for Graphic Novels in Education†. Americanlibrariesmagazine. org. Chicago: American Library Associarion, 1 Aug. 2011. Web. 3 May 2013. Starr, Linda. â€Å"Eek! Comics in the Classroom! †. Educationworld. com. Education World, 11 Jan. 2008. Web. 3 May 2013. Walter, Carlene. â€Å"Graphic Novels†. Eclection. wikispaces. com. Tangient LLC, n. d. Web. 3 May 2013.

Cloning: The Double-Edged Sword :: Biology

Cloning: The Double-Edged Sword Such a furore was created when the birth of Dolly the sheep; the first successfully cloned mammal, was announced to the world in 1997, that the scientific community was gasping for air. Time and space seemed to have come to a virtual standstill as scientists vigorously, not to mention obsessively, hypothesized the cosmic future potential of Dr. Wilmut's team's revolutionary breakthrough in the dynamic realm of science. The euphoria of the moment, it seems, took some time to settle before scientists began to unravel the possible detrimental ramifications of the discovery. Have Dr. Wilmut and team then generated a scientific miracle on one hand, while opening a Pandora's box on the other? It is difficult to dispute the fact that the successful cloning of Dolly has far-reaching applications in the twin fields of biotechnology and bioengineering. The advanced genetic reprogramming techniques employed to fashion the clone have opened the door to a multitude of potential avenues for application: genetic engineering of organs for transplant purposes, xenotransplantation, cell therapy for illnesses such as Leukaemia, Parkinson's disease and diabetes, "therapeutic cloning" (the notion of growing tissue for patients that is genetically identical to their own, for example neural cells could be made for people with Parkinson's disease, new muscle for those with ailing hearts and, later, perhaps even whole organs might be grown, all free from the threat of tissue rejection), and even in curtailing the extinction of endangered animal species, just to name a few. While the advantages of nuclear transfer and genetic reprogramming seem manifold, the cloning and 'manufacture' of transgenic life forms for research purposes, and not to mention the prospect of cloning humans, unearths countless compelling ethical questions which can, in my opinion, under no circumstances be satisfactorily answered. Here are a few to whet your appetite- Do we humans have the moral right to 'play God'? What would happen to animals (or humans) cloned unsuccessfully; with deformities, since the technology and its complementary knowledge are still embryonic and in their primacy? How would we ascribe an identity to a human clone? Since there is no powerful and effective international regulation on the utilization of this technology in place today, how can we know for sure it is not being misused?

Mahabalipuram

Mahabalipuram is an enigmatic town popular for its rock-cut temples and monuments. It is also known as Mammalapuram and was one of the most flourishing port towns during the historic rule of the Pallava Dynasty. Till date one can clearly feel its historic charm and grandeur through the rich legacy that lies in its stone sculptures and temples. There are many tourist attractions in Mahabalipuram most of which are historic and dedicated mostly to the Hindu gods and goddesses. Mahabalipuram made significant development under the rule of the Pallavas in the 7th century. The city is said to have derived its name after the Pallava king Mamalla and in the ancient times it was famous as Mamallapuram. It was after the downfall of the Guptas that Pallavas came to prominence and exercised full control over this town. They were very powerful and very astute in their perspective. The Golden Age of the rule of the Pallavas was from 650 AD to 750 AD. Many great poets, dramatists, artists, artisans, scholars and saints emerged during this period. Mahabalipurm is also referred to as the â€Å"open air museum† due to the presence of so many architectural marvels. During the rules of Narsimha Varman I (AD 630-668) and Narsimha Varman II (AD 700-728), most of the temples and rock carvings of this place were built. Although the first kings of Pallava dynasty followed Jainism, the conversion of Mahendra Varman (AD 600-630) to Shaivism resulted in majority of the monuments to be related with Shiva or Vishnu. Mahabalipuram experiences a hot and sweltering climate all year round with a maximum temperature of 35 °C and minimum temperature of 19 °C. A trip to Mahabalipuram can best be enjoyed from October to March; however the monsoons should be avoided. Mahabalipuram is not just about the temples and architecture but it is also about the natural beauty of the surroundings. The long stretch of the beaches dotted with palm-groves is ideal to spend a few moments away from the usual cacophony of the city. A visit to this place is also an educative experience, showing visitors the great architectural achievements of the ancient artisans of India.

Case Study Clinical Mental Health Counseling Essay

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