Kids in the Industrial Rev. essays

Kids in the Industrial Rev. essays The Industrial Revolution caused great changes in the people's way of life, especially childrens lives. By the early 1800's, most of the British people knew they were in the mist of a nationwide economic and social revolution. Educational and political privileges, which once had belonged to the upper class, spread to the growing middle class. Some workers were replaced by machines while others found a new job opportunities working with machinery. Both workers and employers had a cold and impersonal relationship. Most workers lived and worked in extremely harsh conditions in the ever expanding industrial cities. Under the domestic system, many employers had a close relationship with their workers and felt some responsibility for them. However, such relationships became impossible in the large factories of the Industrial Revolution. Industrialists employed many workers and could not deal with them personally. The average working day was between twelve to fourteen hours. Workers worked six days a week, that includes men, women, and small children. In the factories machines made workers work faster and harder without rest. Jobs became specialized and the work monotonous. Factory wages were low, most factory owners kept the wages low deliberately. Women and children worked as unskilled laborers and made only a small fraction of the men's already low wages. Children under ten years of age were often deformed or crippled by unsafe machines. Most factory workers, like other types of workers, were desperately poor and could not read or write, giving them no hope of a better life. Housing in the growing factory cities could not keep up with the migration of workers from rural areas. Severe overcrowding resulted, and many people lived in extremely unsanitary conditions that led to outbreaks of diseases. Since the ancient times, Children have worked to help support their families when they are in need, especiall ...

History of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (Otto the Great)

History of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (Otto the Great) Otto the Great (Nov. 23, 912- May 7, 973), also known as  Duke Otto II of Saxony, was known for consolidating the German  Reich  and making significant advances for secular influence in papal politics. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. Early Life Otto was the son of Henry the Fowler and his second wife, Matilda. Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henrys campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. In 930 Otto wed Edith, the daughter of Edward the Elder of England. Edith bore him a son and a daughter. Henry named Otto  his successor, and a month after Henrys death, in August of 936, the German dukes elected Otto king. Otto was crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne at Aachen, the city that had been Charlemagnes favorite residence. He was twenty-three years old. Otto the King The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. Eberhard of Franconia, Eberhard of Bavaria, and a faction of disgruntled Saxons under the leadership of Thankmar, Ottos half-brother, began an offensive in 937 that Otto swiftly crushed. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king.   The latter Eberhards submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Ottos younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. This time Eberhard was killed in battle and Giselbert drowned while fleeing. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his fathers wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. The plot was discovered and all the conspirators were punished except Henry, who was again forgiven. Ottos policy of mercy worked; from then on, Henry was loyal to his brother, and in 947 he received the dukedom of Bavaria. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Ottos relatives. While all this internal strife was going on, Otto still managed to strengthen his defenses and expand the boundaries of his kingdom. The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Ottos control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. Otto had some trouble with Bohemia, but Prince Boleslav I was forced to submit in 950 and paid tribute. With a strong home base, Otto not only fended off Frances claims to Lotharingia but ended up mediating in some French internal difficulties.   Ottos concerns in Burgundy led to a change in his domestic status. Edith had died in 946, and when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy, was taken prisoner by Berengar of Ivrea in 951, she turned to Otto for aid. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself.   Meanwhile, back in Germany, Ottos son by Edith, Liudolf, joined together with several German magnates to revolt against the king. The younger man saw some success, and Otto had to withdraw to Saxony; but in 954 the invasion of the Magyars set off problems for the rebels, who could now be accused of conspiring with enemies of Germany. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. Now Otto was able to deal the Magyars a crushing blow at the Battle of the Lechfeld, and they never invaded Germany again. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. Otto the Emperor In May of 961, Otto was able to arrange for his six-year-old son, Otto (the first son born to Adelaide), to be elected and crowned King of Germany. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. On February 2, 962, John crowned Otto emperor, and 11 days later the treaty known as Privilegium Ottonianum was concluded. The treaty regulated relations between pope and emperor, although whether or not the rule allowing emperors to ratify papal elections was part of the original version remains a matter for debate. It may have been added in December, 963, when Otto deposed John for instigating an armed conspiracy with Berengar, as well as for what amounted to conduct unbecoming a pope.   Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. John was not well-received by the populace, who had another candidate in mind, and a revolt ensued; so Otto returned to Italy once more. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. In 967, on Christmas Day, he had his son crowned co-emperor with him. His negotiations with the Byzantines led to a marriage between young Otto and Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in April of 972. Not long afterwards Otto returned to Germany, where he held a great assembly at the court in Quedlinburg. He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. Resources and Further Reading Arnold, Benjamin.  Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a Political Interpretation. University of Toronto Press, 1997.â€Å"Otto I, the Great.†Ã‚  CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Sublimus Dei (1537), www.newadvent.org/cathen/11354a.htm.REUTER, TIMOTHY.  Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800-1056. TAYLOR FRANCIS, 2016.

Renaissance Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Renaissance Comparison - Essay Example Next to Galatea, hung the Polyphemus, which was very significant as the myth has it that Polyphemus was in love with the nymph Galatea, who did not return his affection. Both painters thus have painted scenes from Classical Literature, and according to E H Gombrich, both painters drew their source from Florentine Angelo Poliziano’s poetryi. Though the Birth of Venus is painted on canvas, â€Å"the figure of Venus appears †¦ almost like a classical statue. The hard modelling of the white shimmering flesh color is reminiscent of marbleii† According to E. H. Gombrich, Raphael had perfected â€Å"the perfect and harmonious composition of freely moving figures†iii According to Koenmanniv, Galatea is painted in the Neoplatonic style, and is â€Å"a secular version of his St. Catherine†. Both painters have different styles. The stance of Venus is not original and draws on the sculpture Venus Pudica, so while Botticelli looked to the past to pull out ideas, Raphael moved away from convention and moved away from the pursuit of Nature, sticking more with the idea of the imagined Beauty in his head. Fra Filippo Lippi was Botticelli’s teacher and in addition to Antonio del Pollaiuolo the painter, and Andrea Del Verrocchio the sculptor, influenced Botticelli. The Humanist Movement influenced Raphael and Galatea represents those

Evaluating an International HRM Strategy Assignment

Evaluating an International HRM Strategy - Assignment Example This paper assesses not only the human resource management of ZARA per se but its HRM in relation to expatriate management if it were to enter into joint venture agreement in New Zealand (the host country). To this end, the paper begins with an analysis of the economic environment in New Zealand and its potential relationship with ZARA’s HRM policies. Keeping in view the ageing population pyramid and low female participation rates in New Zealand, hiring expatriates would be necessary as the joint venture team would be a mix of expatriates and host country employees. During this process, cultural training and supporting policies would be necessary to reduce failure rates of expatriate management. Finally, recommendations are offered towards the end regarding the areas that ZARA would need to focus on with respect to strategic human resource management in New Zealand. ZARA, an iconic global fashion brand, was founded by a businessman Amancio Orgega in 1975 owing to his aim of ex panding his factory’s operations by opening a new outlet in La Coruà ±a (don Quijote, 2013). The company has enjoyed great success since its inception with continuous growth in the fashion line being the epitome of ZARA’s overall business strategy. By 1986, the company enjoyed extensive distribution in Spain with outlets in all major cities, whereas two years later, the company decided to open its doors to the global market including its first destination- Portugal (don Quijote, 2013). ... 2. HRM and the Environment ZARA is considering entering into a joint venture in New Zealand which, currently, represents an untapped market for the company. It is, therefore, important to analyze the economic environment of New Zealand at present. The country’s economy now follows the free market mechanism with little government intervention. Its economy is highly export-driven and very competitive. Keeping this in mind, ZARA’s entry into the region could expose it to intense competition from other foreign firms. With an expected growth rate of 2.5% and 3.4%, the country demonstrates high resilience to the global economic downturn that negatively affected the economies of most of the developed world (IHS Global Insight, 2013). On the flipside, New Zealand’s currency appears undervalued compared to the dollar (IHS Global Insight, 2013). This combined with the potential for the housing market in New Zealand to heat up puts it at the risk of facing recessionary effe ct in near future. Furthermore, the low levels of inflation along with high unemployment levels (50%) (IHS Global Insight, 2013) could mean that the cost of hiring locals for ZARA would be low. Consumer spending is also expected to grow modestly which does not present an overly optimistic picture for ZARA. This is because of the high housing debts compared to slow growth in income. Additionally, government’s intention of reverting to modest surplus in 2015 shall result in reduced spending (IHS Global Insight, 2013). Nevertheless, there appears to be growth in consumer spending with the same increasing by approximately 1.2% by 2015 (IHS Global Insight, 2013). On the whole, the consumption picture appears to be mixed and one may expect fair amount of consumer

Evaluating my course project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evaluating my course project - Essay Example Further, there are parameters especially in the physical storage that are important in developing the model using a data definition language. That is what is used to create the database. The creation of the database structure consisted of establishing the number of tables, the fields to use and the records of those tables. The three tables are a result of a thorough normalization process to minimize redundancies of information. It included going through the first normal form, the second and the third form of normalization (Morris, 2014). I then created an entity relationship diagram to map the type of relationships in the architectural engineering database. The implementation stage also included coming up with data dictionaries for the three tables. I also examined the relationships critically to ensure that there is the consistency of information especially on similar fields in different tables. These connections are important in restricting redundancies. Further, I went on to look at the queries that will allow the users to retrieve information from the database that meets particular conditions. The questions included joining information from more than one table and grouping the data based on specific criteria (Keogh, 2007). For instance, grouping of projects according to the customers. The subsequent sections of the report examined the errors the architectural engineering database is likely to encounter such as read data and multiplicity update problem. In addition, it also includes a section covering the best practices for building and implementing the database (Morris, 2014). These are standard procedures already acceptable in the market. The final stage is the conclusion that states the use of Microsoft Access as the relational database of choice. It further states that a database requires maintenance after designing and its

Roy Lichtenstein - Stepping Out Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Roy Lichtenstein - Stepping Out - Essay Example ‘Stepping Out’ implements Lichtenstein’s traditional comic book imagery. The painting, Fig. 1 in the appendix, features two individuals. Seemingly these individuals are a woman and a man, however Lichtenstein uses cubist like forms to obscure easy and clear distinctions. The male figure seems to be identifiable though traditional social conventions of dress; he is wearing a hat, has short-trimmed hair, as well as a suit and tie. Conversely, the woman does not take on complete form; instead her face is depicted not in the traditional form of the human head, but as a canvas. She only has one eye, which is slanted vertically. She has long blonde-hair, red lips, and a yellow dress that seems to further situate her with feminine identification. The division between the man and woman is blurred such that they seem to dissolve into each other; this perspective on singularity is further witnessed through Lichtenstein’s slight use of pointillism on the right side an d left side of the woman and man’s faces, respectively. Finally, the background of the work is divided into strong black and white, the white is on the woman’s side and the black is on the man’s side. Aesthetic analysis of Lichtenstein’s ‘Stepping Out’ reveals a considerable number of insights. Upon its debut the work was well received. One recognizes that by 1978 Lichtenstein’s reputation as a Pop artist was well established and this surely factored into its positive reception. In terms of meaning, interpretations differ widely from different critics. Indeed, the very post-modern elements of the work invite such multiple-critical voices. In terms of objective elements one recognizes that there is a degree of inter-textuality in the work. The male in work is based on Fernand Leger’s 1944 painting ‘Three Musicians;’ however Lichtenstein’s version is the mirror image of Leger’s earlier work.2 Additionally the female in the painting is clearly influenced by Picasso’s cubist style, in the multi-dimensional and slightly surrealist juxtapositions. In terms of the specific meaning this elements form, this essay contends that the primary emphasis is the

Quotation Analysis A raisin in the sun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quotation Analysis A raisin in the sun - Essay Example A clear theme that emerges from this quotation is Mama and Walter’s desires to have financial stability. MAMA: Oh – So now it’s life. Money is life. Once upon a time freedom used to be life – now it’s money. (Hansberry 522)†. The excerpt from Hansberry’s play represents Mama’s words in Act 1, scene II. Her words express her wonder as to why Walter always speaks of money. According to Walter, success is dependent on an individual’s perspective.. Besides depicting the Mama and Walters’ struggles, the excerpt epitomizes the difference between ideals held by young and elderly generations. Mama represents the elderly generation that views social life as fundamental and promotes family ties. Walter, contrary to Mama, represents the young generation. Walter perceives having money as ultimate freedom, even at the expense of family ties. The young generation has love for money and other material possessions, but disregards f amily ties that promote family life. Asagai expresses deep passion for money. This excerpt from Hansberry represents a conversation between Asagai and Beneatha. The two characters had a conflict following Bobo’s information to them that Walter incurred loss of money in investments. â€Å"ASAGAI: Then isn’t there something wrong in a house – in a world – where all dreams, good or bad, must depend on the death of a man? (Hansberry 565)†. Beneatha expresses cynicism over perceived challenges in the future caused by the loss in investment. It also connotes the characters’ crave to be wealthy. Based on their reactions to the news of loss in investments, it is evident that Asagai and Beneatha value money compared to social dimensions of life including family relations. Mama’s words express disappointment and discontentment about the loss. In this excerpt, Mama speaks to Beneatha concerning Walter’s loss of money. She expresses